Electrophysiological, behavioural and biochemical effect of Ocimum basilicum oil and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool on Musca domestica L.

Rajendran Senthoorraja,Nandagopal Bakthavatsalam,Sekarappa Basavarajappa,Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,Sowmya Manjunath,Muthu Gounder Mohan,Vppalayam Shanmugam Pragadheesh,Kesavan Subaharan

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14282-x

Abstract

Ocimum basilicum essential oil (EO) was evaluated for its biological effects on M. domestica. Characterization of O. basilicum EO revealed the presence of methyl chavicol (70.93%), linalool (9.34%), epi-α-cadinol (3.69 %), methyl eugenol (2.48%), γ-cadinene (1.67%), 1,8-cineole (1.30%) and (E)-β-ocimene (1.11%). The basil EO and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool elicited a neuronal response in female adults of M. domestica. Adult female flies showed reduced preference to food source laced with basil EO and methyl chavicol. Substrates treated with EO and methyl chavicol at 0.25% resulted in an oviposition deterrence of over 80%. A large ovicidal effect was found for O. basilicum EO (EC50 9.74 mg/dm3) followed by methyl chavicol (EC50 10.67 mg/dm3) and linalool (EC50 13.57 mg/dm3). Adults exposed to EO (LD50 10.01 μg/adult) were more susceptible to contact toxicity than to methyl chavicol and linalool (LD50 13.62 μg/adult and LD50 43.12 μg/adult respectively). EO and its constituents methyl chavicol and linalool also induced the detoxifying enzymes Carboxyl esterase (Car E) and Glutathione S – transferases (GST).

Highlights

We investigated the ovicidal, adulticidal and the activity of detoxification enzyme in adult exposed to O. basilicum essential oil (EO), linalool and methyl chavicol
Eserine and Fast Blue RR salt were procured from Fluka (Sigma Aldrich). α-Napthyl acetate (α-NA), 2,4dinitrochlorobenzene (CDNB), Coomassie brilliant blue G-250, pyrogallol, guaiacol, and H2O2 were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, China
The extracted O. basilicum EO was characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy

Summary

Introduction

The ability of houseflies to acquire avian influenza H9N2 may aid in spreading spreading the virus to humans and poultry (Salamatian et al 2020). Reports from Wuhan confirmed 2–10% of COVID-19 patients had diarrhoea and abdominal pain, a symptom that could have occurred due to faecal-oral transmission (Wang et al 2020). In such a situation, vectoral role of flies carrying virus from faecal visits to human settlements cannot be ruled out (Dehghani and Kassiri 2020)

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Conclusion