Abstract
An electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method has been developed for the first time to prepare thin-film LiFePO 4 cathodes. The effects of polymers and surface-active additives in the electrolytic bath, voltage and deposition protocol have been studied with the aim of obtaining highly adhesive, compact pristine LiFePO 4 and polymer–LiFePO 4 composite films to be utilized in planar and three-dimensional microbatteries. The samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), XPS and TOFSIMS. These methods confirmed the presence of a polymer binder and its homogeneous lateral distribution in the composite EPD-LiFePO 4 cathode. Li/LiFePO 4 semi-3D concentric microbatteries (3DCMB) on perforated silicon substrates showed a peak-pulse-power capability of 175 mW cm −2 and stable electrochemical behavior for over 200 cycles at 100% DOD. Coating the LiFePO 4 with a thin layer of copper sulfide improved the cell performance even more. The 3D-LiFePO 4–CuS-coated batteries are capable of delivering peak pulse power greater than 200 mW cm −2 and an energy density of 6–10 mWh cm −2 – adequate for the needs of microsystems.
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