Electrophoretic Deposition as a New Bioactive Glass Coating Process for Orthodontic Stainless Steel

Kyotaro Kawaguchi,Masahiro Iijima,Kazuhiko Endo,Itaru Mizoguchi

doi:10.3390/coatings7110199

Kyotaro Kawaguchi, Masahiro Iijima + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7110199

Copy DOI

Journal: Coatings	Publication Date: Nov 13, 2017
Citations: 12	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Health Sciences University of Hokkaido

Abstract

This study investigated the surface modification of orthodontic stainless steel using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of bioactive glass (BG). The BG coatings were characterized by spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The frictional properties were investigated using a progressive load scratch test. The remineralization ability of the etched dental enamel was studied according to the time-dependent mechanical properties of the enamel using a nano-indentation test. The EPD process using alternating current produced higher values in both reflectance and lightness. Additionally, the BG coating was thinner than that prepared using direct current, and was completely amorphous. All of the BG coatings displayed good interfacial adhesion, and Si and O were the major components. Most BG-coated specimens produced slightly higher frictional forces compared with non-coated specimens. The hardness and elastic modulus of etched enamel specimens immersed with most BG-coated specimens recovered significantly with increasing immersion time compared with the non-coated specimen, and significant acid-neutralization was observed for the BG-coated specimens. The surface modification technique using EPD and BG coating on orthodontic stainless steel may assist the development of new non-cytotoxic orthodontic metallic appliances having satisfactory appearance and remineralization ability.

Highlights

Many orthodontic materials are formed from metals, which typically have superior mechanical properties compared with other materials
The hardness and elastic modulus of etched enamel specimens immersed with most bioactive glass (BG)-coated specimens recovered significantly with increasing immersion time compared with the non-coated specimen, and significant acid-neutralization was observed for the BG-coated specimens
The surface modification technique using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and BG coating on orthodontic stainless steel may assist the development of new non-cytotoxic orthodontic metallic appliances having satisfactory appearance and remineralization ability

Summary

Introduction

Many orthodontic materials are formed from metals, which typically have superior mechanical properties compared with other materials. There are aesthetic issues with metal orthodontic materials [1]. More aesthetically attractive orthodontic materials are desirable, especially for adult patients. Aesthetic brackets made from ceramics and plastics have been widely used in clinical orthodontics [2,3]. Ceramic brackets have shortcomings stemming from their brittle nature, e.g., occasional fracture when tying the ligature and fracture from archwire forces, along with tooth wear during treatment and enamel fracture at debonding [1,4]. Plastic brackets have deficiencies, such as a tendency to discolor, wear and creep due to their poor mechanical properties [1,5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion