Electropharmacology of flestolol for supraventricular tachycardia without associated structural heart disease

Abstract

Flestolol is an ultrashort-acting β-blocking drug with a half-life of 6.9 minutes. Its antiarrhythmic efficacy was studied in 21 patients with spontaneous and inducible supraventricular tachycardia: atrioventricular (AV) nodal tachycardia in 6 patients and orthodromic AV reciprocating tachycardia in 15. It increased the effective refractory period of the AV node in all patients with AV nodal tachycardia (fast pathway, p < 0.02; slow pathway, p < 0.01), but did not alter the anterograde (n = 8) or retrograde (n = 9) refractory periods of accessory pathways. Flestolol prevented initiation of tachycardia by causing block in anterograde AV nodal conduction. It was more effective in patients with AV nodal tachycardia (5 of 6) than in those with AV reciprocating tachycardia (4 of 15, p < 0.03). In patients in whom it was ineffective, the mean tachycardia cycle length increased by 54 ms because of an increase in AH interval (p < 0.0001, n = 11). The cycle length of tachycardia induced 30 minutes after infusion was similar to the cycle length in the control state (354 vs 355 ms, n = 16). Flestolol's kinetics permitted clinically indicated electropharmacologic testing of a second antiarrhythmic drug in 8 patients and control of ventricular rate until arrhythmia surgery in 1 patient with incessant tachycardia. No hypotension or toxicity occurred. Our findings indicate that flestolol's principal antiarrhythmic effects are on the AV node, similar to the effects of other β-blocking drugs. Its ultrashort duration of action is an advantage during electropharmacologic testing.