Abstract
The unique properties of thermotropic liquid crystals have led to the development of many new electro-optical devices, particularly for display applications. Basic properties and surface alignments of liquid crystals are reviewed with regard to these applications. Electro-optical effects based on conductivity and field effect alignment are described for both nematic and cholesteric materials. Three applications of nematics are selected for more detailed discussion : a flat panel television display using dynamic scattering activated by a semiconductor matrix, a watch display using polarization modulation of twisted nematic cells on transparent segment electrodes, and a large screen projection system using tunable birefringence in a photoactivated light valve.
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