Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great attention due to their attractive characteristics such as ultrahigh specific surface area, interconnected and regular porosity, and intraframework chemical functionality. However, utilizing MOFs as promising candidates for electrochemical, electronic, and resistive gas sensing applications is quite challenging owing to the electronically insulating nature of most MOFs; designing MOFs and relevant materials that possess electrical conductivity thus becomes a crucial research topic. In this perspective, routes to create conductive MOF-based materials, including conductive MOFs, MOF-based composites, and MOF-derived materials, are introduced. Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of these electronically conductive MOF-based materials is highlighted, and the limitations and commonly seen issues for designing such materials and the potential strategies to overcome these challenges are also included.
Highlights
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), known as porous coordination polymers (PCPs), consist of a relatively new category of porous materials that have attracted significant attention during the past two decades.[1,2,3] As such materials are constructed from metal-based nodes and multidentate organic bridging linkers, they possess regular and interconnected porosity, and their pore structures are highly tunable
The intraframework chemical functionality provided by either the metal-based secondary building units (SBUs) or the organic linkers enables the incorporation of highdensity and accessible active sites within the entire MOF structure,[6,7,8] which renders MOF-based materials as attractive candidates for adsorption and catalysis purposes
MOFs can be transformed, either chemically, thermochemically, or electrochemically, to MOFderived porous metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal nitrides, metal phosphides, or metal carbides. For all of these MOF-derived materials, their chemical stability and electrical conductivity are in principle similar to those of their bulk counterparts, but their specific surface areas are usually much higher compared to those of the same compounds prepared by regular methods; this feature renders such electronically conductive MOF-derived materials to be utilized in a range of electrochemical and electronic applications with exceptional performances
Summary
Chung-Wei Kung,1,a) Po-Chun Han,[2] Cheng-Hsun Chuang,[1] and Kevin C.-W.
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