Abstract
Metastable-atom electron spectroscopy (MAES) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) were used to study the outermost surface of thin films of pendant group polymers: polystyrene, poly(2-vinylnaphthalene), and poly(9-vinylcarbazole). MAES is selectively sensitive to the outermost surface, and indicated that the surfaces of the polymer films were very clean, even though they were prepared by spin-casting in a room atmosphere. By comparison with gas-phase spectra and molecular orbital calculations of model molecules with pendant groups, it was confirmed that the principal constituent at the outermost surface of these polymer films is the pendant groups. Furthermore, it was observed that the intensity for σ(C–H) states of the pendant group is stronger in MAES spectra than in UPS spectra, indicating many pendant groups are inclined at large tilt angles.
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