Abstract
Two techniques of radiography by means of secondary photoelectrons liberated by hard x-rays (180 kv), one by reflection and one by transmission, are described. Special fine-grained photographic emulsions of the Lippmann type are required which will not be affected by x-rays traversing the film, but are sensitive to photoelectrons liberated from the surface of a specimen in intimate contact with the photographic film or paper. In this way photographic negatives may be reproduced (from the silver of the image), microradiographs prepared by enlargement of any area of the radiograph, surface topography studied, ores analyzed, etc. For electronic radiography by transmission, instead of the specimen being its own electron generator, a thin metal foil (usually lead) pressed against the specimen generates the electrons which then traverse the thin specimens, and register on the photographic film or paper. Applications are papers, insect wings, varnish or rubber films, plant leaves, tissue sections, plastics, and alloys.
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