Abstract
Transition metal ions exhibit several valence states. Redox reactions occur during the sol-gel synthesis of transition metal oxides. Mixed valence compounds are obtained. Their electronic properties arise from electron exchanges between metal ions in different valence states. Thermally activated electron hopping leads to semiconducting materials. Optical absorption arising from intervalence transfers gives rise to reversible optical switching. They can be used for making electrochromic display devices. Electron and ion transfers can occur at the oxide-water interface. They seem to be typical of mixed valence oxides having a spinel structure and lead to chemical modifications of both the oxide network and the solution.
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