Electronic inhomogeneities in the superconducting phase of CaFe1.96Ni0.04As2 single crystals

Abstract

Superconductivity in CaFe2−xNixAs2 emerges in close proximity to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordered parent state and the AFM phase overlaps with superconducting (SC) phase for a small range of x-values. We present scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of an underdoped CaFe2−xNixAs2 single crystal in the vicinity of the boundary of the two phases. Both resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements show a superconducting TC of 15K and from later we deduce a superconducting fraction of 1.2%. Topographic images show reasonably flat surface with signatures of atomic resolution. Spectra between 120K and 20K are spatially homogeneous and show signatures of spin density wave (SDW) gap. Below TC, spectra show significant spatial inhomogeneity with a depression in density of states in±5meV energy range. Inhomogeneity reduces significantly as the temperature goes above TC and disappears completely far above TC. These observations are discussed in terms of an inhomogeneous electronic phase that may exist due to the vicinity of this composition to the SC dome boundary on the underdoped side of the phase diagram.