Abstract
Excitation temperatures measured from Fe I lines with a wide range of upper energy levels have shown that the environment of the central channel of an argon ICP is not in a state of local thermal equilibrium, as predicted from Griem's criterion. Deviations from a Boltzmann distribution have been observed in the population of the excited states of Fe I. The significance of water in providing extra electrons by ionization in the ICP is demonstrated and discussed.
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