Abstract
E-cigarettes have emerged and soared in popularity in the past ten years, making them the most common tobacco product used among youth in the United States (US). In this review, we discuss what the Surgeon General has called a public health “epidemic”—the precipitous increase in youth use of e-cigarettes and the health consequences of this behavior. Further, we review tobacco control policy efforts (e.g., Tobacco 21, banning flavors, advertising restrictions, and clean indoor air laws)—efforts proven to be critical in reducing cigarette smoking and smoking-related disease and death among US children and adults—including their potential and challenges regarding managing and mitigating the emergence of e-cigarettes. Finally, we close with a discussion of the efforts of transnational tobacco companies to rebrand themselves using e-cigarettes and other new products.
Highlights
Ariel was designed as a cylinder within an outer layer: an outer mixture of tobacco would heat up the inner part and nicotine, either coated on the walls of the tube or in liquid form, would be vaporized [2]
Adolescents may show signs of dependence with even infrequent nicotine use; sustained nicotine exposure leads to upregulation of the receptors in the prefrontal cortex, pathways which are involved in cognitive control, and which are not fully matured until the mid-twenties [27,28]
In order to protect the public from both secondhand smoke and secondhand aerosol, the Surgeon General emphasized that smoke-free policies should be modernized to incorporate e-cigarettes, an approach that “will maintain current standards for clean indoor air, reduce the potential for renormalization of tobacco product use, and prevent involuntary exposure to nicotine and other aerosolized emissions from e-cigarettes” [51]
Summary
E-cigarettes have emerged and soared in popularity in the past ten years, making them the most common tobacco product used among youth. Despite two patents, Project Ariel never made it to the market; this was perhaps because the design was imperfect, and perhaps because—despite the science linking smoking with cancer—cigarette smoking was still immensely popular and unregulated. Twenty-five years later, Philip Morris explored similar technology, with the development of their “Premier” (1988) Capillary Aerosol Generator (CAG), in which a pump forced liquid into a small capillary tube, which was heated and aerosolized. Though this product did not make it to market, the technology is very similar to Philip Morris’ subsequent 2009 electronic cigarette patent [3]
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