Electronic cartographic GIS models of the environmental state of the Dniester canyon

Abstract

The Dniester Canyon is a deep gorge, 100-120-140 m, between the Podil Upland on the left bank and the Carpathian and Prut-Dniester Uplands on the right bank. The canyon is famous for its classic geological sections of the Silurian and Devonian systems, between which there is a gradual transition. There are only four such incisions in the world: ours, as well as in the Czech Republic, Scotland and the United States. Great geomorphological attractiveness of the canyon: two Upper Pleocene supra-canyon and five Quaternary intra-canyon river terraces; caves, waterfalls, travertine formations, bizarre rocks of physical and chemical weathering. The rocky flora and fauna are protected by natural monuments, reserves, regional landscapes and natural national parks. These objects are listed in the Red and Green Books. Therefore, the Dniester Canyon was chosen as one of the seven wonders of nature. That is why it is necessary to preserve this national heritage for present and future generations. To do this, environmental safety systems are developed by GIS mapping methods. The electronic cartographic material in geoinformation systems are digital or vector maps. The Vector maps are created based on the registration of raster scanned map material or satellite images. Vector layers can be interpolated or created from thematic maps using databases. Most often, measuring operations in GIS packages are implemented in the form of special functions and presented as a separate menu item. Such functions include: measurement (determination) of point coordinates; measurement of distances between two specified coordinates (with or without taking into account the three-dimensional coordinate system); measuring the length of a straight or broken line; measuring the length of the perimeter of the polygon; measuring the area of the landfill; measurement of volumes using the surface and cutting plane. Selection operations help the user to get exactly the information he needs at the moment of working with GIS. The selection of the necessary part of information from one or more cartographic databases is carried out using queries.