Electronic assessment of peri-implant mucosal esthetics around three implant-abutment configurations: a randomized clinical trial.

Abstract

To objectively assess the influence that three different implant-abutment interface designs had on peri-implant mucosal esthetics at 1year post-implant placement via the pink esthetic score (PES). Additionally, to demonstrate the novel employment of a tablet-based digital imaging format to reliably assess and score clinical images as part of a multicenter clinical trial according to PES criteria. Adult subjects (n=141) with healed tooth-bound edentulous sites in the anterior maxilla as well as first premolar region were randomized to receive one of three different implant-abutment interface designs (conical interface=CI; flat-to-flat interface=FI; or platform switch interface=PS). Immediate provisionalization was performed with prefabricated titanium abutments, with definitive custom CAD/CAM zirconia abutments and all-ceramic cement-based crowns being delivered 12-week post-implant placement. Bilateral (anterior sites) or unilateral (premolar sites) digital clinical photographs were made at 1, 3, 6, and 12months post-implant placement. Five calibrated faculty evaluators of different clinical backgrounds scored images during a 4-week timeframe on a standardized, tablet-based, digital imaging format. Six hundred and forty-nine clinical photographs were evaluated resulting in a total of 3245 sum PES values and 22,715 individual PES values. Faculty evaluator intra- and inter-rater reliability was found to be "strong" (ICC=0.84) and "substantial" (ICC=0.64), respectively, demonstrating repeatability of both the PES, evaluator calibration, and standardization of tablet-based scoring. All implant-abutment interface groups demonstrated significant improvements in mean sum PESs up to 1year, with the largest improvement between restoration delivery and 6months. No significant differences were found between groups in mean sum PESs both for individual study visits as well as for changes between study visits. No significant differences in mean sum PESs were found between subjects randomized to three different implant-abutment interfaces. However, significant differences were found as a function of time for all three groups, with the largest improvement in mean sum PESs occurring between definitive abutment and restoration delivery and 6months. Use of electronic, tablet-based digital imaging scoring formats represents a novel and repeatable methodology for scoring PES images in large, multicenter clinical trials.