Abstract
We theoretically investigate the electronic and optical properties of the rectangular phosphorene quantum rings (RPQRs) including the coulomb interaction using the Hubbard method. Our calculations show that the energy levels can be adjusted by changing the outer and inner ring width of the RPQRs. Newly edge states appear along the inner boundary of the RPQRs within the formal bandgap of a counterpart rectangular phosphorene quantum dots (RPQDs) without the inner hole. The edge states shows distinct responding to the size of the inner hole and the external field as compared to the bulk states. There is dark-to-bright transition in the optical adsorption spectrum of RPQRs tuned by the external field which is quite different from that in the RPQDs. This feature offers us a practical way to modulate the electronic and optical properties in phosphorene QDs and rings.
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