Abstract
BackgroundOne of the greatest challenges in nutritional epidemiology is improving upon traditional self-reporting methods for the assessment of habitual dietary intake.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relative validity of a new method known as the current-day dietary recall (or current-day recall), based on a smartphone app called 12-hour dietary recall, for determining the habitual intake of a series of key food and drink groups using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and four dietary records as reference methods.MethodsUniversity students over the age of 18 years recorded their consumption of certain groups of food and drink using 12-hour dietary recall for 28 consecutive days. During this 28-day period, they also completed four dietary records on randomly selected days. Once the monitoring period was over, subjects then completed an FFQ. The two methods were compared using the Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC), a cross-classification analysis, and weighted kappa.ResultsA total of 87 participants completed the study (64% women, 56/87; 36% men, 31/87).For e-12HR versus FFQ, for all food and drink groups, the average SCC was 0.70. Cross-classification analysis revealed that the average percentage of individuals classified in the exact agreement category was 51.5%; exact agreement + adjacent was 91.8%, and no participant (0%) was classified in the extreme disagreement category. The average weighted kappa was 0.51.For e-12HR versus the four dietary records, for all food and drink groups, the average SCC was 0.63. Cross-classification analysis revealed that the average percentage of individuals classified in the exact agreement category was 47.1%; exact agreement + adjacent was 89.2%; and no participant (0%) was classified in the extreme disagreement category. The average weighted kappa was 0.47.ConclusionsCurrent-day recall, based on the 12-hour dietary recall app, was found to be in good agreement with the two reference methods (FFQ & four dietary records), demonstrating its potential usefulness for categorizing individuals according to their habitual dietary intake of certain food and drink groups.
Highlights
Many epidemiological investigations and intervention studies do not require a complete picture of the habitual diet [1], as it can represent both an unnecessary workload for study participants and an avoidable waste of the scarce resources available for research [2]
Classifying individuals according to categories of habitual consumption of specific food groups is sufficient for identifying potential nutritional deficiencies [10] and for evaluating the relationship between relative ranking and disease [5,8,9,10,11,12,13,14], and effectiveness of personalized methods that are implemented to promote changes in dietary patterns regarding selected food groups [1,5,8,9,10,12]
The objective of this study was to determine the relative validity of the new method known as current-day dietary recall, based on a smartphone app called 12-hour dietary recall (e-12HR—previously known as e-Epidemiology [25]), utilizing reference methods, such as a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and four estimated dietary record (DR), to verify the comparability of consumption data regarding a list of key food groups in the three methods
Summary
Many epidemiological investigations and intervention studies do not require a complete picture of the habitual diet (or average long-term consumption) [1], as it can represent both an unnecessary workload for study participants and an avoidable waste of the scarce resources available for research [2]. (2) FFQs depend primarily on long-term memory of the interviewed subject, do not account for intrapersonal variation in recording the daily consumption of food during the study period, and do not allow a precise estimation of serving sizes of food consumed Due to these limitations, results obtained by these inexact methods over both the short- and long-term could lead to inexact conclusions and incorrect decisions [18]. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative validity of a new method known as the current-day dietary recall (or current-day recall), based on a smartphone app called 12-hour dietary recall, for determining the habitual intake of a series of key food and drink groups using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and four dietary records as reference methods. Conclusions: Current-day recall, based on the 12-hour dietary recall app, was found to be in good agreement with the two reference methods (FFQ & four dietary records), demonstrating its potential usefulness for categorizing individuals according to their habitual dietary intake of certain food and drink groups
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