Electronegativities of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead—II

Abstract

Abstract The chemical reactions of analogous compounds of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead are discussed briefly and shown to be inconsistent with the customary interpretation of the Mendeleeff periodic table and with the most widely accepted values of electronegativity. The electronegativities of these elements are calculated herein from data supplied by nuclear quadrupole resonance, by work functions, by calculations based on thermochemical data and by calculations based on electrostatics. In addition, relative electronegativities for these elements are determined experimentally by measuring the chemical shift of the tetramethyl derivatives at infinite dilution in carbon tetrachloride as a solvent. The electronegativity values 2·60 for carbon, 1·90 for silicon, 2·00 for germanium, 1·93 for tin, and 2·45 for lead are proposed as the most accurate ones applicable to the Group IV-B elements in sp3 valence states.