Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses electron transfer in coals. Most coals containing tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) at a level of one TCNQ per aromatic unit in the coal are bright blue. Coals containing similar amounts of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) are bronze colored. The only exceptions discovered are low-volatile bituminous coals and anthracites. The chapter presents evidence that these striking and unusual colors are because of the formation of valence bands in coals resulting from the addition of these two good electron acceptors. A significant amount of electron density is transferred to TCNQ and TCNE in coals. Both of these materials are good organic oxidants. It has been demonstrated that there is a linear relationship between the amount of electron density transferred from a donor to TCNQ and the shift in the TCNQ CN infrared stretching frequency that occurs upon electron transfer. Electrons added to the TCNQ must enter its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.
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