Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films, filled with equal mass fractions (≤0.175) of FeCl3 and CuCl2 were prepared. An X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the prepared films were partially crystalline in the form of the β phase PVDF. The measured electron spin resonance spectra were characterized by a main signal (arising from the filler ions) and a superimposed hyperfine pattern (due to free radicals). The temperature (T) dependence of the d.c. magnetic susceptibility exhibited a Curie-Weiss behaviour, in the range of 95–250 K, indicating localized energy states. The detected positive values of the paramagnetic Curie points suggest a ferromagnetic interaction between the magnetic ions at low temperatures. A Pauli paramagnetic temperature independent susceptibility was observed at 250 K≤T≤300 K, implying a role for itinerant energy states. The d.c. electrical resistivity was measured in the temperature range of 300–420 K. The electrical conduction had an interpolaron hopping mechanism. The calculated hopping distance was formulated numerically to be a linear function of the temperature and filling level and found to have a value of ≤0.62 nm.
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