Electron spin resonance and electron spin echo modulation study of activated palladium(2+)-doped, Al13-pillared laponite clay: evidence for the migration of palladium cations from an Al13-pillar to the laponite layer with increasing activation temperature

Abstract

Electron spin resonance (ESR), electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies have been carried out on (Pd(NH 3 ) 4 2+ -doped, Al 13 -pillared Laponite (Pd-Al13-Lap) clay activated in flowing oxygen at 250 to 500°C for 14 to 16 h. ESR and XPS studies indicate that some of the Pd 2+ cations are converted into Pd 3+ .