Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR), electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies have been carried out on (Pd(NH 3 ) 4 2+ -doped, Al 13 -pillared Laponite (Pd-Al13-Lap) clay activated in flowing oxygen at 250 to 500°C for 14 to 16 h. ESR and XPS studies indicate that some of the Pd 2+ cations are converted into Pd 3+ .
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