Abstract
Electron spectrometers may be classified by the energydifferentiating mcchanism employed, as magnetic, electrostatic, scintillation, proportional counter, or semiconductor. Each type offers particular combinations of transmission, resolution, and energy acceptance from 0.01 to 100 per cent, 0.001 to 25 per ccnt, and 1 ev to many Mev, respectively. Solid sources are usually used and these sources may range in diameter from a fraction of a mm to 10 cm. Energy calibration is usually accomplished using internal conversion electrons or an electron gun or accelerator. Measurement of transmission is made by noting deviation, if any, from a Fermi plot of an experimental BETA spectrum from an allowed transition. Uses in health physics include measurements of: shapes of BETA spectra which determinie shapes of BETA -absorption curves, branching ratios, and average energies per disintegration, all of which are used in internal dose calculations; cross sections for electron-electron interactions in solids and gases; slowing down spectra of BETA rays, Compton- and photoelectrons in solids; BETA -spectra from unknown emitters for identification. As monochromators, they select a narrow energy band from a BETA -ray continuum which may be used to measure efficiency of scintillators and energy dependence of BETA -ray dosimeters. (auth)
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