Abstract
AbstractThe well‐known and widely used methods of samples preparation for electron microscopic studying cannot be employed for polymer solutions. In the present work two techniques have been proposed which are free of the effects produced due to evaporation of the solvent. Their basic principles are as follows: (1) As a solvent a substance which easily goes into a vitreous state on cooling and has glass temperature higher than the room one is used. (2) The solvent is a substance with a low critical temperature (Te). The solvent is condensed in a glass capillary tube containing the polymer and then the capillary tube is heated in a special furnace in vacuo. When the temperature of the furnace is 20–25°C. higher than Te of the polymer solution the capillary tube is broken. Thus the content is “shot” at the grids which can be examined under the electron microscope. Using the described techniques the following systems were studied: polybutene‐1 in colophony, polybutene‐1 in propane, and atactic polypropylene in propane (at concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 3% by weight). Thus, by means of direct electron microscopy, it has been found that in polymer solutions the microscopic structuring of the polymer takes place long before lamination. The appearance of the ordered super‐molecular structures strongly depends on the concentration of the polymer solution.
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