Abstract
In order to find the most suitable condition for electron microscopic observation of the magnetization ripples, the images obtained by three methods, that is, the defocus-, the shadow image- and the slit- method, were compared for magnetic and nonmagnetic films quantitatively. The dependence of the ripples on applied magnetic field, on temperature and on a number of parameters of films is discussed in detail. Observation was made in condensed films of Ni, Fe, Co, Ni-Fe alloys, and Ni-Co alloys and also in chemically and electrolytically polished single crystal films of Ni-Fe alloys, Ni and Fe. As the origins of the ripples following conclusions are arrived: (1) The microscopic anisotropies such as the crystalline anisotropy, the stress induced anisotropy, the shape anisotropy and the stray field anisotropy contribute the ripples with equal weights at room temperature. (2) The macroscopic anisotropy due to macroscopic anisotropy due to macroscopic origin only has an effect to decrease the ripples. (3) The shape anisotropy and the stray field anisotropy are more effective at higher temperatures. The ripples near the temperature of domain disappearance. T d c , are due to thermal fluctuation of magnetization, which may appear also in bulk materials.
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