Abstract
A modified EMHD model is derived that includes the effects of density perturbations and inhomogeneity in a strong magnetic field. Similar to previous EMHD models, the derived equation takes the form of a flux conservation law for a modified vorticity. The modified vorticity is frozen into the current flow. The model unifies whistler and electron gradient waves and generalizes the nonlinear models for these modes. In 2D, the model again reduces to a set of two coupled equations for the vertical magnetic field and the poloidal flux. The scale length in the equation for the vertical field is modified and a drift term is introduced there, whereas the equation for the poloidal flux is not modified with respect to previous 2D models. A noncanonical Hamiltonian representation for the 2D equations is presented.
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