Abstract
AbstractWe discuss the mobilities of electrons photoinjected in dense sub‐ and supercritical polar vapors (NH3, H2O) as a function of vapor density and temperature. With increasing density they show a transition from the quasi‐free to the localized electron state. The density range where the onset of this transition is observed obeys the Ioffe‐Regel principle. At this density large radius orientational fluctuations of the dipole molecules as precursors of dense clusters are important for electron localization. Electron cluster formation is strongly supported by the observed temperature dependence of the electron mobility in low density H2O vapor. These results are discussed in context with optical absorption measurements on excess electrons in sub‐ and supercritical D2O and ND3. In NH3 gas around the critical density the electron mobility shows an anomalous density dependence. It is concluded that there occurs a further transition: the electron localized in a dense orientational cluster obviously turns over to an electron localized in a cavity (solvated electron).
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