Abstract
Electron irradiation of nano-size wurtzite (W)-type ZnO condensates with intimate mixture of parallel epitaxial Zn caused { 1 0 1 ¯ 1 } W slip to form a single domain of rock salt (R)-type core and W-type shell. The two polymorphs follow ( 1 1 ¯ 1 ) R / / ( 0 1 ¯ 1 1 ) W ; [ 0 1 1 ] R / / [ 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 3 ] W , i.e. chair type Peierls distortion with additional 38° tilting (0 0 1) R along the ( 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0 ) W plane for a fair match of ( 1 0 1 ¯ 1 ) W / ( 1 1 ¯ 1 ) R , the same as one of the two paths for the back-transformation of R-ZnO into a lower crystal symmetry. The martensitic nucleation of R-type ZnO can be attributed to dynamic migration of interstitials/vacancies, lattice mismatch stress, and capillarity effect.
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