Abstract
pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnets arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration from 5.40–5.42 to 5.58–5.62 (+ 3.5%), 392 to 365 mV (− 6.9%), and 7.30 to 7.71 mg L− 1 (+ 5.6%), respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000–1500 G magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.0 × 1013 number of electron generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favor formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.
Highlights
Water quality is important to safeguard water security and to sustain livelihoods of all living organisms on earth
Effect of magnets arrangements on water parameters The water flowed under non-reversed polarity magnets arrangement at flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1 showed an overall better improvement of pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in comparison to the flow under reversed polarity magnets arrangement
Correlation of pH and ORP calculations Typically, from the experimental findings, when water flowed through magnetic effect, its pH and DO concentration increased whereas its ORP decreased
Summary
Water quality is important to safeguard water security and to sustain livelihoods of all living organisms on earth It is determined by several water parameters, for examples pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which are essential in water quality surveillances and water treatment processes [1, 2]. The magnetized water was characterized using Raman spectroscopy to indicate the magnetization effect on water properties, for examples, hydrogen bond and water cluster characteristics, which can provide new insights into prospective water science and molecular investigations Such correlation of electron generation and DO concentration improvement under the influence of magnetic field is essential as it reveals the potential of naturally generating electron and oxygen concurrently from water source without using electricity, unlike electrolysis. With the coexistence of electron and oxygen in water, this green technology can be used in environmental applications such as water treatment and wastewater contaminant remediation, as well as in medical applications including free radical induced-diseases treatment
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