Abstract
When an atom is placed in an intense electromagnetic field, it can be ionized even if the photon energy is less than its ionization threshold. This process, know as Multiphoton Ionization (MPI), has been studied now for almost twenty years1 and becomes the dominant process when very high intensities are used. It has been observed in a wide range of experimental conditions, for laser intensities between 107 Wcm-2 and 1015 Wcm-2, and wavelengths ranging from 193 nm to 10600 nm (in the latter case, several hundreds of photons can be absorbed in the MPI process).2 Not only single, but also multiple ionization has been observed in such experiments in the case of very high intensities.3,4 MPI has also been observed in the radio frequency domain, as discussed in another chapter of this book.
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