Electron dynamics of molecular frustrated double ionization driven by strong laser fields* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12004323, 12074329, 12104389, 1174131 and 91850114), National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0134200) and Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal University, Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China (Grant No. 20220101016JC), and the Open

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the frustrated double ionization (FDI) of molecules with different alignment-dependence using a three-dimensional classical ensemble method. The numerical results show that the FDI probability decreases with increasing wavelength, which is similar to the wavelength dependence of the FDI probability of atoms. Tracing the classical trajectories reveals that the contributions to molecular FDI from single-recollision and multiple-recollision mechanisms are equal in the short wavelength regime. In the long wavelength regime, the single-recollision FDI channel dominates in FDI. The nature in which molecular FDI occurs is identified and explained.