Abstract
Adsorption states of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) on single-crystal zinc oxide (ZnO) surfaces are examined by photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy utilizing synchrotron radiation light. Comparison of TTF coverages, its adsorption states, and TTF-induced band bending is made among three ZnO surfaces with orientations of (0001), (1010), and (0001). TTF adsorbs both molecularly and dissociatively on all three ZnO surfaces at room temperature. The total amount of TTF at the saturation coverage is proportional to the surface Zn density. Contrastingly, there is a negative correlation between the amount of dissociated TTF and the surface Zn density. These indicate that TTF is bonded mainly to the surface Zn atoms, while the surface O atoms are necessary for TTF decomposition. The formation of the TTF overlayer induces downward band bending on ZnO(1010) and (0001), whereas the band is bent upward in energy on ZnO(0001). The origin of the surface dependence of band bending is discussed in t...
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