Abstract
Microwave frequencies of 0.4-24 GHz at powers up to 100 kW have been used to heat electrons in regions of cyclotron resonance in a supported and in a levitated toroidal octupole magnetic field. A theoretical model has been developed to predict the heating rate of a cold, tenuous plasma in an arbitrary, nonuniform, magnetic field. The model predicts strong heating at places where ∇‖B = 0 at resonance, and heating efficiencies approaching 100% for sufficiently high densities (ωp2>ω2/Q). Scintillator probes have been used to verify the predicted localized heating and to measure the density at which total absorption occurs. Gun injected plasmas and microwave produced plasmas with n∼109 cm−3 and kTe∼5 eV are heated to ≲ 1 KeV in the supported octupole and to ≲ 10 KeV in the levitated octupole. Upper off-resonance heating is also observed.
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