Abstract
We report electron counting experiments in a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dot architecture which has been previously demonstrated to generate a quantized current in excess of 80 pA with uncertainty below 30 parts per million. Single-shot detection of electrons pumped into a reservoir dot is performed using a capacitively coupled single-electron transistor. We extract the full probability distribution of the transfer of n electrons per pumping cycle for We find that the probabilities extracted from the counting experiment are in agreement with direct current measurements in a broad range of dc electrochemical potentials of the pump. The electron counting technique is also used to confirm the improving robustness of the pumping mechanism with increasing electrostatic confinement of the quantum dot.
Highlights
Recent development in the field of single-charge pumping has provided a basis for the emerging quantum standard of the ampere in the International System of Units (SI) [1]
We report electron counting experiments in a silicon metal–oxide– semiconductor quantum dot architecture which has been previously demonstrated to generate a quantized current in excess of 80 pA with uncertainty below 30 parts per million
0 13.6 ns VBL VPL 50 ns tw t voltage, we determine their values using the whole data set acquired for all different voltage ranges
Summary
Recent development in the field of single-charge pumping has provided a basis for the emerging quantum standard of the ampere in the International System of Units (SI) [1]. This standard will be based on an agreed value for the elementary charge e and the frequency f , the product of which yields the ampere. A satisfactory relative pumping accuracy at the 10−8 level has only been demonstrated in normal-metal devices in the picoampere range [3] This current, falls significantly below 100 pA which is required for a practical realization of the quantum current standard [20]. An uncertainty 0.2 parts per million (ppm) levels has been reached at 87-pA current [22]
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