Abstract

Quantum molecular dynamics simulations show that electrons in a helium gas at 77 K and with densities 1.0 and 1.5 × 10 22 cm −3 self-trap in bubbles that are stable on a time scale of picoseconds. When the density is reduced to 6 × 10 21 cm −3, the electron does not self-trap but percolates through the gas. A signature of bubble formation is a strong peak in the optical absorption spectrum. The peak is due to intra-bobble dipole transitions and shifts to higher energy with increasing gas density.

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