Abstract
The present study aimed at analyzing and comparing longitudinally the EMG (electromyographic activity) of the superior orbicularis oris muscle according to the breathing mode. The sample, 38 adolescents with Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with predominantly nose (PNB) or mouth (PMB) breathing, was evaluated at two different periods, with a two-year interval between them. For that purpose, a 16channel electromyography machine was employed, which was properly calibrated in a PC equipped with an analogue-digital converter, with utilization of surface, passive and bipolar electrodes. The RMS data (root mean square) were collected at rest and in 12 movements and normalized according to time and amplitude, by the peak value of EMG, in order to allow comparisons between subjects and between periods. Comparison of the muscle function of PNB and PMB subjects at period 1 (P1), period 2 (P2) and the variation between periods (Delta) did not reveal statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). However, longitudinal evaluation of the muscle function in PNB and PMB subjects demonstrated different evolutions in the percentage of required EMG for accomplishment of the movements investigated. It was possible to conclude that there are differences in the percentage of electric activity of the upper lip with the growth of the subjects according to the breathing mode.
Highlights
Since 1907, it has been believed that the unbalanced muscular pressure observed in mouth breathers would trigger the facial and skeletal alterations found in these subjects.[1]
No movement presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) when the means of each movement were compared between the breathing modes
Comparison of the percentage of muscle activity of the superior orbicularis oris muscle required for each movement at period 1 (P1) and period 2 (P2) between predominantly nose breathing (PNB) and predominantly nose (PNB) or mouth (PMB) did not reveal statistically significant differences
Summary
Since 1907, it has been believed that the unbalanced muscular pressure observed in mouth breathers would trigger the facial and skeletal alterations found in these subjects.[1] Since several other authors have been attempting to establish relationships between mouth breathing and muscle function.[2,3,4]. The lips and associated muscles would not perform their function properly, leading to gradual protrusion of the anterior teeth and to the establishment of an Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion. This work proposes to analyze and compare the EMG of the superior orbicularis oris muscle in subjects with Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion with predominantly nose or mouth breathing, at two different periods, with a two-year interval between them
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