Abstract
This study investigated the electromechanical response of smart ultra-high-performance concretes (smart UHPCs), containing fine steel slag aggregates (FSSAs) and steel fibers as functional fillers, under external loads corresponding to different measurement methods. Regardless of different measurement methods of electrical resistance, the smart UHPCs under compression showed a clear reduction in their electrical resistivity. However, under tension, their electrical resistivity measured from direct current (DC) measurement decreased, whereas that from alternating current (AC) measurement increased. This was because the electrical resistivity, from DC measurement, of smart UHPCs was primarily dependent on fiber crack bridging, whereas that from AC measurement was dependent on tunneling effects.
Highlights
Concrete under External LoadsSmart construction materials (SCMs) with self-sensing capacity have great potential in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for civil infrastructures and buildings [1]
There are many studies in the literature reporting the difference between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) measurements, it is difficult to find a suitable reference directly comparing the electrical resistance of SCMs corresponding to different DC and AC measurements
To clarify self-strain, -damage, and -stress-sensing mechanisms, as well as to find a more suitable method for the measurement of electromechanical response of smart UHPCs under specific loading conditions, in this study, we investigated the electromechanical responses of smart UHPCs, containing steel fibers and fine steel slag aggregates (FSSAs) as functional fillers, corresponding to different electrical currents (DC or AC) under external loads
Summary
Concrete under External LoadsSmart construction materials (SCMs) with self-sensing capacity have great potential in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for civil infrastructures and buildings [1]. Strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCCs), types of SCM containing short steel and/or PVA fiber, as functional fillers, have clearly demonstrated self-sensing capacity in the tensile strain-hardening region and generated multiple microcracks [4,5]. Both direct current (DC) and alternative current (AC) measurement methods have been used to investigate the electromechanical responses of strain-hardening steel-fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (SH-SFRCs) and engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) [5,6,7,8]. AC measurement does not require considerable polarization time; it quickly measures the electrical impedance of SCMs [1,10]. There are many studies in the literature reporting the difference between DC and AC measurements, it is difficult to find a suitable reference directly comparing the electrical resistance (or impedance) of SCMs corresponding to different DC and AC measurements
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