Abstract
Paraxial propagation theories are not suitable for describing the behavior of electromagnetic wave fields in any states of spatial coherence and polarization in the microdiffraction domain. The proposed nonparaxial theory overcomes such limitations by modeling (i) any planar source in terms of sets of point sources with tensor statistical behavior, and (ii) the transport of the wave field on scalar, deterministic, time-independent, and nonparaxial propagation modes, defined only by the geometry of the boundary conditions of the experimental setups. So the field emission by the source and the space structure due to the modes are independent from each other. The theory provides a unified framework for the power and the states of spatial coherence and polarization of the field, as well as for interference and diffraction, and describes the significant changes suffered by the wave fields in the microdiffraction domain.
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