Abstract
To make the object of electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation flexible to change, the authors propose using the method of electromagnetic transient-transient stability analysis (TSA) hybrid real-time simulation of the variable area of interest. The area where the fault is to be set, or where the operation takes place, is defined as the area of interest. The simulation object is divided into multiple sub-networks. The EMT simulation range is determined according to the voltage drop depth at the boundary of the adjacent sub-network caused by the three-phase short-circuit fault at the boundary of an area of interest. The Norton equivalent is obtained by using the sub-network as a basic unit. The electromagnetic sub-network forms its own Norton equivalent on the TSA side by means of the Norton equivalent admittance of its TSA model. Based on this, the overall framework of hybrid real-time simulation of the variable area of interest is constructed. The fundamental phasor prediction and Norton equivalent current source prediction are adopted to reduce the interface error. The performance of the proposed method in terms of feasibility, flexibility, and effectiveness have been verified by the simulation studies on the IEEE 118-bus system.
Highlights
Real-time (RT) simulation means that the time that is required by the simulation platform to complete the computation of state outputs for each step size is shorter than or equal to the selected step size [1], which can be used for design, prototype construction, hardware-in-the-loop testing, teaching, and training [2]
When a fault or operation occurs at the boundary, the surrounding sub-networks are included in the scope of electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation
When the EMT and transient stability analysis (TSA) sub-systems are equivalent to the first-order boundary condition, the iterative factor is the smallest under the same conditions, which is beneficial to accelerate the convergence of the system iteration [25], since fast convergence is critical for real-time simulation applications
Summary
Real-time (RT) simulation means that the time that is required by the simulation platform to complete the computation of state outputs for each step size is shorter than or equal to the selected step size [1], which can be used for design, prototype construction, hardware-in-the-loop testing, teaching, and training [2]. Regarding the equivalent method, when simulating the TSA sub-system, the EMT sub-system is generally replaced by a power source [7,8,9], a current source [10,11,12], or a Thevenin (Norton) equivalent [13]. When considering interface location selection, there are currently two ideas for developing network partition schemes: To reduce the modeling amount of the electromagnetic sub-system, the interface position is often set at the DC converter bus [17,18]. Looking at the problem of large interface error in the parallel data interaction mode, which is caused by the use of the previous time-step equivalent parameters on both the TSA side and the electromagnetic side [15], the fundamental phasor prediction and the Norton equivalent current source prediction are used to reduce the interface error.
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