Abstract
We analyze theoretically the properties of two counter-propagating electromagnetic waves within the framework of the long wavelength approximation corresponding to the Heisenberg–Euler formalism in quantum electrodynamics (QED). We obtain a novel solution for electromagnetic shocks in QED vacuum and investigate the properties of the solution, the wave steepening and subsequent generation of higher order harmonics and electromagnetic shock wave formation with electron–positron pair generation at the shock wave front.
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