Abstract
The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is a destructive phenomenon which harms the building, telecommunication, and IT based infrastructure. Thus, it is required to reduce the effect of EMP using shielding materials. In the present study, we have used different thickness of concrete walls by incorporating 1 and 5 wt% of carbon black, as well as 100 µm thick Zn–Al coating using the arc thermal metal spraying method (ATMSM). The EMP was evaluated using waveguide measurement fixture for shielding performance of the concrete wall in the range of 0.85 to 1 GHz frequency. The results reveal that the maximum value, i.e., 41.60 dB is shown by the 5-300-N specimen before application of Zn–Al coating where the thickness of concrete wall was 300 mm and 5% carbon black. However, once the 100 µm thick Zn–Al coating was applied on concrete specimen, this value was increased up to 89.75 dB. The increase in shielding values around 48 dB after using the Zn–Al coating is attributed to the reflection loss of the metal thermal spray coating. Thus, the Zn–Al coating can be used for EMP application instead of metallic plate.
Highlights
IntroductionElectromagnetic pulse (EMP) typically refers to high power electromagnetic (HPEM) waves ranging from 100 kHz–100 MHz which damages the building structures and military equipment [1]
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) typically refers to high power electromagnetic (HPEM) waves ranging from 100 kHz–100 MHz which damages the building structures and military equipment [1].Depending on its source, electromagnetic pulse (EMP) can be classified into three categories, i.e., nuclear EMP (NEMP) caused by a nuclear explosion, non-nuclear EMP (NNEMP), or international electromagnetic interference (IEMI) in which electromagnetic waves are directly generated by electromagnetic bombs or high power electromagnetic generators, and lightning EMP (LEMP) caused by natural phenomena such as lightning and huge current flow [2]
When the thickness of the concrete specimens is increased by incorporating carbon black from 0, 1, and 5 wt%, the electromagnetic shielding performance increased by 107.10% to 153.44% without carbon black, 120.70% to 182.02% with 1% carbon black, and 128.71% to 231.74% with 5% carbon black for 200 to 300 mm, respectively compared to 100 mm thickness of concrete (Figure 5b)
Summary
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) typically refers to high power electromagnetic (HPEM) waves ranging from 100 kHz–100 MHz which damages the building structures and military equipment [1]. EMP can be classified into three categories, i.e., nuclear EMP (NEMP) caused by a nuclear explosion, non-nuclear EMP (NNEMP), or international electromagnetic interference (IEMI) in which electromagnetic waves are directly generated by electromagnetic bombs or high power electromagnetic generators, and lightning EMP (LEMP) caused by natural phenomena such as lightning and huge current flow [2]. Materials 2020, 13, 895 wave) by producing 50 to 100 kV/m electric field and is able to destruct the structures around 400 km ranges [4,5]. In general, the radio trans-receiver can sustain up to several mV only while
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