Abstract
A new electromagnetic (EM) scattering model of the sea surface with single breaking waves is proposed based on the high-frequency method in this paper. At first, realistic breaking wave sequences are obtained by solving the fluid equations which are simplified. Then, the rough sea surface is established using the linear filtering method. A new wave model is obtained by combining breaking waves with rough sea surface using a 3D coordinate transformation. Finally, the EM scattering features of the sea surface with breaking waves are studied by using shooting and bouncing rays and the physical theory of diffraction (SBR-PTD). It is found that the structure that is similar to a dihedral corner reflector between the breaking wave and rough sea surface exhibits multiple scattering, which leads to the sea-spike phenomenon that the scattering result of horizontal (HH) polarization is larger than that of vertical (VV) polarization, especially at low-grazing-angle (LGA) incidents with upwind. The sea-spike phenomenon is also closely related to the location of strong scattering.
Highlights
Target recognition in a complex ocean background is a focus problem that received large attention
Sea clutter influences the detection of targets in extreme sea conditions, which in turn increases the probability of false alarms. erefore, it is critical to construct a realistic breaking wave model and study its electromagnetic (EM) scattering characteristics
Three-dimensional breaking waves have been generated by the finite element method combined with the ocean dynamics [4]
Summary
Target recognition in a complex ocean background is a focus problem that received large attention. Most of the previous methods are not realistic enough and often inefficient They may be only employed to study small areas of sea surface containing breaking waves. Zhiqin Zhao and West [12] used the multilayer fast multipole method to investigate scattering characteristics of three-dimensional breaking waves. It is necessary to take into account the multiple scattering produced by breaking wave itself, and the coupling effect between breaking wave and sea surface. E given sea surface with a breaking wave is a large target; the shooting and bouncing rays and physical theory of diffraction (SBR-PTD) method is used here.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
