Abstract
Research related to the radiation and propagation of the electromagnetic fields in half space or stratified media is of interest and is considered by many authors. In this paper, a theoretical study is discussed about the propagation of radio waves in the sea (three-layered media). The variations which occur in the shape of the sea surface and sea bottom are considered. The effects of the roughness exercised onto the electromagnetic field of arrangements radiating a pure transverse electric field in the sea are studied by using the perturbation method. Closed-form expression for the far field generated by a vertical magnetic dipole embedded below the sea surface is calculated by using a simple technique to evaluate Sommerfeld integrals with the aid of the complex image theory, which was quite difficult to evaluate previously. The results obtained are compared with those mentioned elsewhere.
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