Electromagnetic proton cyclotron anisotropy instability: Wave‐particle scattering rate

Abstract

The electromagnetic proton cyclotron instability is driven by a proton temperature anisotropy T⟂p/T∥p>1 where the directional subscripts denote directions relative to the background magnetic field. Enhanced field fluctuations from instability growth lead to wave‐particle scattering which reduces the anisotropy; previous research has demonstrated that the anisotropy is constrained by a power‐law function of β∥p. Here two‐dimensional hybrid simulations in a homogeneous, magnetized, collisionless plasma are used to derive a scaling relation for the maximum scattering rate of proton anisotropy reduction. The result is a function only of the anisotropy and β∥p and so is appropriate for use in fluid models of anisotropic plasmas such as the magnetosheath.