Abstract
Flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motors have gained increasing attention in electric vehicles (EVs) applications due to the advantages of high power density and high efficiency. However, the heat sources of both permanent magnet (PM) and armature winding are located on the limited stator space in the FSPM motors, which may result in the PM overheating and irreversible demagnetization caused by temperature rise, and it is often ignored in the conventional thermal analysis. In this paper, a new electrical-thermal two-way coupling design method is proposed to analyze the electromagnetic performances, where the change of PM material characteristics under different temperatures is taken into consideration. First, the motor topology and design equations are introduced. Second, the demagnetization curves of PM materials under different temperatures are modeled due to PM materials are sensitive to the temperature. Based on the electrical-thermal two-way coupling method, the motor performances are evaluated in detail, such as the load PM flux linkage and output torque. The motor is then optimized, and the electromagnetic performances between initial and improved motors are compared. Finally, a prototype motor is manufactured, and the results are validated by experimental measurements.
Highlights
With the increasing development of the electric vehicles (EVs), outer-rotor in-wheel motors have been considered as one of the promising candidates because they can offer the potential superior features of quick torque response, weight reduction, and compact vehicle space [1,2,3,4].permanent magnet motors have potential applications in EVs due to the advantages of high power density and high efficiency [5]
The flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motors where permanent magnets locate on the stator, which have the advantages of high power density and high efficiency
The rotor structure is simple in this type of motor, with neither permanent magnets nor winding, and the rotor inertia is small, so they are suitable for high-speed operation and have potential applications in EVs [12]
Summary
With the increasing development of the electric vehicles (EVs), outer-rotor in-wheel motors have been considered as one of the promising candidates because they can offer the potential superior features of quick torque response, weight reduction, and compact vehicle space [1,2,3,4]. The thermal analysis, the methods to analyze the electromagnetic performances based on the different PM material characteristics under different temperatures, is an indispensable part of the process of motor design to ensure safe operation. In [16,17,18], the conventional finite element analysis (FEA) method is applied: it offers the advantages of simulating complex motor structure and the temperature distributions of heat sources. A new electrical-thermal two-way coupling design method is proposed to analyze the electromagnetic performances based on the investigated FSPM motor, where the change of PM material characteristics under different temperatures is taken into consideration. A prototype motor is manufactured and tested for experimental validation
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