Electromagnetic interference in 3D-mapping procedures

Abstract

Catheter-based ablation is nowadays asafe and widespread procedure for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia. This requires exact anatomical knowledge both before and during the examination and is an important prerequisite for targeted treatment. At the beginning of the era of interventional catheter-based treatment, fluoroscopy was the only and usual means of visualization, whereas in the middle of the 1990s continuous 3D-mapping systems were developed for the non-fluoroscopic examination of patients. The correct use of these 3‑D systems, which non-fluoroscopically visualize the catheter and mostly identify mechanisms of arrhythmia in great detail, nowadays makes an important contribution to successful interventional catheter treatment of arrhythmia; however, it is not uncommon for patients with ventricular arrhythmia to also carry implanted electronic devices, such as pacemakers, defibrillators or less frequently left ventricular hemodynamic support systems. All implantable devices lead to electromagnetic interferences, which can complicate the diagnostics and treatment during electrophysiological examinations and ablation. This article addresses the adversities and experiences associated with magnet-based 3D systems and implantable electromagnetically active cardiac devices.