Abstract
Using the perturbation method, the theory of electromagnetic induction is derived in a two-layer spherical Earth with an undulated conductivity interface. An arbitrary inhomogeneous poloidal exciting magnetic field is assumed, and it is shown that the toroidal mode of the magnetic field is also excited inside the Earth as a result of the non-sphericity of the interface. The derived theory is applied to a simpler type of interface undulation and homogeneous exciting magnetic field. It is shown that mainly the vertical component of the intensity of the magnetic field and the tangential component of the electric field and, thus also the surface impedance, are disturbed at the Earth's surface as a result of the undulation of the interface.
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