Abstract
Electromagnetic nondestructive tests are important and widely used within the field of nondestructive evaluation (NDE). The recent advances in sensing technology, hardware and software development dedicated to imaging and image processing, and material sciences have greatly expanded the application fields, sophisticated the systems design and made the potential of electromagnetic NDE imaging seemingly unlimited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of research works on electromagnetic imaging methods for NDE applications, followed by the summary and discussions on future directions.
Highlights
The development of imaging techniques for investigating physically inaccessible objects has been a topic of research for many years and have found widespread applications in the field of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) [1]
Their work mainly focus on defect characterization using MFL imaging data while the effect of variations in the test parameters associated with the experiment presenting
Wavelet basis functions can be used and typical magnetic flux leakage images obtained from finite element (FE) simulation of the pipeline inspection process are presented in their paper [7]
Summary
The development of imaging techniques for investigating physically inaccessible objects has been a topic of research for many years and have found widespread applications in the field of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) [1]. Depends on different energy types and/or levels, various EM sensors/transducers can be used for a broad range of applications, e.g., eddy current imaging, microwave imaging, terahertz imaging, etc. The usable electromagnetic frequencies for NDE purposes cover almost the entire EM spectrum, from DC to gamma radiation at the short wavelength end. This review article covers the imaging methods according to the different excitation EM frequencies only up to terahertz (T Hz). The reasons are two-fold: first, the optical NDE imaging with frequencies as low as in infrared range has been recently reviewed by another group [3]; second, the paper is intended to summarize and discuss the image modalities from the fields and waves perspective. For non-EM methods, a heavily cited review article authored by Achenbach on quantitative NDE but focusing on acoustic imaging and applications was published in 2000 [4], which the readers can refer to for a complete understanding of NDE imaging methods
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