Abstract

The exact electromagnetic gauge invariance of the nonlinear gyrokinetic theory is discussed. It is shown that the guiding-center distribution function is an electromagnetic gauge invariant with all the terms in the nonlinear gyrokinetic equations retained. ϵδ is the amplitude ordering parameter of the perturbations. All the terms have to be retained in the nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation to guarantee the electromagnetic gauge invariance.

Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call