Electromagnetic field-induced protection of chick embryos against hypoxia exhibits characteristics of temporal sensing

Abstract

We previously studied the response of mammalian cultured cells to weak, 60 Hz-electromagnetic (EM) fields. Two time constants, similar to those observed in chemotaxis, were found to govern the cellular response to the field. We concluded that a system of temporal sensing, similar to that employed in chemotaxis by motile bacteria, was operative. We termed the shorter time (∼0.1 s) the “sensing” time, and the longer time (~10 s) the “memory” time. To investigate the possibility that temporal sensing was a general property of EM field–cell interaction, the temporal properties of another EM field-induced effect was studied. The EM field-induced protection against the effects of extreme hypoxia was examined in chick embryos. Embryos were exposed to 60 Hz-magnetic fields, the amplitudes of which were regularly altered throughout the 20-min exposure. Alteration was accomplished either by turning the field off and on at regular intervals (1–50 s), or by introducing brief (10 or 100 ms), zero amplitude gaps, once each second, throughout exposure. When the field was turned on and off at 0.1 s intervals, the protective effect conferred by a constant field was lost. At progressively longer on/off intervals, protection was progressively restored, maximizing at intervals of 10–30 s. Gapping the magnetic field for 10 ms, each second of exposure conferred the same protection as that observed for an uninterrupted field, but gapping the field at 100 ms each second produced a significant reduction in protection. These data exhibit remarkable consistency with those obtained in similar temporal studies of the magnetic field-induced enhancement of ornithine decarboxylase activity in L929 fibroblasts. It appears that temporal sensing is a general feature of the EM field–cell interaction.