Abstract
On the 17th of August 2017, the first detection of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a neutron star binary and the observation of its broadband electromagnetic emission first demonstrated the huge scientific potential of multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. Joint gravitational wave and electromagnetic observations are indeed unique tools to unveil the nature of neutron stars and black holes, together with probing the rich physics of energetic transient phenomena in the sky, such as gamma-ray bursts, kilonovae, and supernovae. This chapter aims at giving an overview of the diverse electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave sources detectable by current ground-based detectors, providing basic information on their properties and on the physics that governs their emission. In addition, it addresses observational and data analysis strategies to optimize their detection and characterization.
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