Abstract
This article focuses on improving the understanding of the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from water waves modulated by shoaling effect arising from different upslope submarine topography in the nearshore zone. Simulation of EM bistatic scattering from water waves in the nearshore zone where the water depth becomes gradually shallower is presented. The shallow water waves with periodic sinusoidal type are simulated by the model that is based on Boussinesq approximation theory, which can accurately construct the detailed wave structure in the nearshore zone, and the analytical model-the second-order small slope approximation is applied to modeling the EM bistatic scattering from the shallow water waves. Comparisons of the bistatic scattering coefficient (BSC) between water waves corresponding to different submarine plane-upslope topography in the nearshore zone have shown that the angular position of harmonics of BSC will change as upslope varies: higher-order harmonics for plane-upslope cases would be far away from the specular peaks for flat topography case. Moreover, the wave height of the shallow water waves and nonlinear effect will greatly impact changing trend of the BSC. Simulations for TMA spectrum-based water waves also support the fact that the transfer of wave energy from low frequency to higher frequency wave components would be intensified in the shallow water zone with the upslope submarine topography. The results in this article indicate that shallow water waves would reflect some interesting scattering features that traditional deep-sea waves did not show, which will be helpful to the further quantitative investigation of scattering characteristics of nearshore waves.
Highlights
WITH increasing target detection applications in the marine environment, several modalities such as microwave [1] –[4], optical [5], [6], acoustic [7], [8] play great roles in capturing various features of the currents, waves as well as the objects in the background
Wen and Li [19] have found that the power spectrum of the backscatter from the periodic water wave would show some frequency shifts of harmonics besides Doppler shift, and provided the theoretical explanation
It was found that nonlinear hydrodynamic could well describe the interaction between water waves with different scales, which would impact the scattering features and the Doppler spectrum of the dynamic sea surface
Summary
WITH increasing target detection applications in the marine environment, several modalities such as microwave [1] –[4], optical [5], [6], acoustic [7], [8] play great roles in capturing various features of the currents, waves as well as the objects in the background. Toporkov and Brown [25], Johnson et al [26], Hayslip et al [27], Soriano et al [22], Li and Xu [28], Nouguier et al [29], and Fois et al [30] comparatively studied the scattering characteristics and Doppler spectral properties of dynamic linear and aforementioned nonlinear surface from L band to Ku band. Most of these studies focused on deep sea rather than the shallow water wave,
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